{"id":1609,"date":"2015-02-05T13:30:46","date_gmt":"2015-02-05T18:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?page_id=1609"},"modified":"2019-09-24T09:46:48","modified_gmt":"2019-09-24T13:46:48","slug":"salient-characteristics-of-letters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?page_id=1609","title":{"rendered":"Salient characteristics of letters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Once a child understands that symbols\/pictures have meaning, they may be ready to explore letters and words. Letters have consistent salient characteristics that the child must learn to recognize. Thinking in terms of straight lines, curves and how those connect\u00a0is the beginning of understanding and recognizing print\u00a0letters.\u00a0Letters\u00a0can be presented\u00a0in a variety of shapes, sizes, and textures.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/alphabet2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1614\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?attachment_id=1614\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/alphabet2.jpg?fit=261%2C193&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"261,193\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"alphabet2\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/alphabet2.jpg?fit=261%2C193&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1614\" title=\"puzzle toy of chunky, rainbow-colored, upper case, alphabet letters\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/alphabet2.jpg?resize=176%2C130&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"alphabet2\" width=\"176\" height=\"130\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/imagesCAS007SX.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1633\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?attachment_id=1633\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/imagesCAS007SX.jpg?fit=240%2C161&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"240,161\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"imagesCAS007SX\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/imagesCAS007SX.jpg?fit=240%2C161&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1633\" title=\"white, upper case letters on black background\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/imagesCAS007SX.jpg?resize=215%2C144&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"imagesCAS007SX\" width=\"215\" height=\"144\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/magnet.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"1623\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?attachment_id=1623\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/magnet.png?fit=259%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"259,194\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"magnet\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/magnet.png?fit=259%2C194&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1623\" title=\"rainbow color, upper case, magnetic letters\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/magnet.png?resize=173%2C129&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"magnet\" width=\"173\" height=\"129\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>For children\u00a0with CVI, exposure to this variety of shapes, sizes and textures must be paired with the reinforcement of\u00a0which letter characteristics are consistent. It is not the color, the size,\u00a0or the\u00a0texture that makes a letter a letter. It is the\u00a0straight lines, curves and how those connect.<\/p>\n<p>Consideration needs to be given to\u00a0the background on which letters are presented. Some children may\u00a0need a solid colored background while others can discriminate the letter from a more complex background.\u00a0The amount of space between letters and how many letters are presented at one time\u00a0can also be determined through assessment.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Resources to try for literacy access: Build a toolbox!<\/h2>\n<h6>Chapter 2: A Path to Literacy for Students Who Have CVI\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Roman-Lantzy, C. (Eds.) (2018).\u00a0<em>Cortical Visual Impairment Advanced Principles,\u00a0<\/em>Louisville, KY: APH Press.<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/shop.aph.org\/wcsstore\/APHConsumerDirect\/images\/catalog\/products_large\/Cortical-Visual-Impairment-Cover-APH-Press-Book.jpg?resize=228%2C293&amp;ssl=1\" width=\"90\" height=\"116\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.aph.org\/webapp\/wcs\/stores\/servlet\/ProductDisplay?catalogId=11051&amp;langId=-1&amp;productId=399470&amp;storeId=10001&amp;krypto=vM9B0eRmAD5GW5ecQS8vuGyQytG8nseAZr9nozFGU1hCgkNk3N6%2FbqHGGUfeFrAX3o9wt1GDA7Q%2FYl%2B3Wyf3U0FRCGWTWjxtwWGWVlMdEvvcXmkiQcd4uh5nfMF9mhuVjigBa47HeM15xhkxBfMMWg%3D%3D&amp;ddkey=http:ClickInfo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Purchase here<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>\u00a0Word Bubbling<\/h3>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2547\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?attachment_id=2547\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"word bubbling\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?fit=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2547\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?resize=437%2C246&amp;ssl=1\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 437px) 100vw, 437px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?w=1208&amp;ssl=1 1208w, https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?w=1812&amp;ssl=1 1812w\" alt=\"\" width=\"437\" height=\"246\" data-attachment-id=\"2547\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?attachment_id=2547\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1920,1080\" data-comments-opened=\"0\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"word bubbling\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?fit=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/word-bubbling.jpg?fit=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1\" \/><\/a><\/h5>\n<h5>This tool is designed to assist in literacy education for students with CVI. It is being developed under the guidance of Dr. Christine Roman-Lantzy who originally developed the technique.<\/h5>\n<p>Note that this is an early testing version. The interface will improve before version 1 is released.<\/p>\n<p>Disclaimer: This is being developed as an open source project by an employee of Google with Google\u2019s permission but is not an official Google product.<\/p>\n<h5><a href=\"https:\/\/roman-word-bubbling.appspot.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roman Word Bubbling appspot.com \u2013 click here<\/a><\/h5>\n<hr \/>\n<h6>Chapter 15 Assessments Linked to Interventions: Literacy and Math, Lizbeth A. Barclay\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Lueck, A.H., &amp; Dutton, G. N. (Eds.) (2015).\u00a0<em>Vision and the Brain: Understanding Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children.<\/em>\u00a0New York, NY: AFB Press.<\/h6>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cvi.aphtech.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/978-0-89128-6394.jpg?ssl=1\" width=\"98\" height=\"124\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.aph.org\/webapp\/wcs\/stores\/servlet\/ProductDisplay?catalogId=11051&amp;storeId=10001&amp;krypto=xF1vax56QykPsgEjJuno7x4%2Bt7CV7BvTkCosQeorZzUShKEIvmpsGIhM3mpcSjjY2X0B5X03pEgZj3R5AfERC4hBsm2efWlbv9%2FTo7aOM48%2BjIYpLOI0floX5dyJaDZ%2FXLty1J8ivj5UvhiIEZG8%2FMh1Ba%2FEKJ%2BylKmcaCF%2BHl97Y0CzJCFlN39dII9uXv%2BZNsuCAAbJ6Y1BwkX80lO4npWrkKzir%2FUTReYjZU6OSrM%3D&amp;ddkey=http:ProductDisplay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shop here<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">CVI SCOTLAND &#8211; LOOK<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Reading using Recognition<\/span><\/h3>\n<h5><a href=\"http:\/\/cviscotland.org\/documents.php?did=4&amp;sid=259\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">click here<\/a><\/h5>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Voice Dream Reader<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.voicedream.com\/reader\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #bc360a;\">http:\/\/www.voicedream.com\/reader\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Readright<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.readright.ucl.ac.uk\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #bc360a;\">http:\/\/www.readright.ucl.ac.uk\/index.php<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Beeline Reader<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.beelinereader.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span style=\"color: #bc360a;\">http:\/\/www.beelinereader.com\/<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Children\u00a0with typically developed vision\u00a0take notice of letters and words everywhere. Remember to make children with CVI aware of environmental print too! Point out all the places where letters can be found in their world. &#8220;Begin early. Just as you describe and involve your child in other daily activities, tell her when you read the newspaper, follow a written recipe, make up a grocery list, read instructions for her newest toy, or write a note or email.&#8221; Stratton, J. M., &amp; Wright, S. (1991). <em>On the Way to Literacy: Early Experiences for Visually Impaired Children<\/em>. Louisville, KY: American Printing House for the Blind.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Once a child understands that symbols\/pictures have meaning, they may be ready to explore letters and words. Letters have consistent salient characteristics that the child must learn to recognize. Thinking in terms of straight lines, curves and how those connect\u00a0is the beginning of understanding and recognizing print\u00a0letters.\u00a0Letters\u00a0can be presented\u00a0in a variety of shapes, sizes, and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/?page_id=1609\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Salient characteristics of letters<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":365,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1609","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P9WafP-pX","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1609"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2574,"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1609\/revisions\/2574"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cvi.aphtech.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}